Biodiversity
refers to diversified biological system living in an environment. Plants,
animals, microbes and humans, their natural processes, genetic differences,
habitual landscape altogether constitute biodiversity. There are three kinds of
diversity: genetic diversity based on the genomic distribution among the
species for their survival; species diversity deals with the variability in
creatures of specific area and lastly ecological or ecosystem biodiversity
displays the density and productivity of absolute bio network. Great Barrier
Reef and Amazon Rainforest are common examples of bio-diversified areas consisting
of thousands of contrasting biota.
Humans
depend on flora and fauna for their basic amenities and thus develop dependable
liability for mankind to maintain and sustain the available biota. Biodiversity
prevents global warming, offers variety of food and provides clean air and
oxygen. Biodiversity is very important because it enhances productivity e.g.,
healthy ecosystem sustains and recuperate from hazardous disasters; the more
the plants, the more the crops and harvests; wetlands filter pollutants; sapro
trophic bacteria feed on dead organic matter, bees produce honey and wax;
cotton from silkworm; and earthworm (nature’s plow) acts in cleansing soil for
agriculture. Further welfare of biodiversity are listed: water and soil
protection, pollution control, recovery from erratic acts, climate stability
control and bio geochemical cycles in ecosystem; biological uses like food and
medicine, population reservoirs and plant by-products; and social uses namely
cultural ethics, entertainment, educational and spiritual enrichment.
Beautiful
nature is forever enjoyed no matter the size and ardor of species. Conservation
and protection of biodiversity becomes essential as well as needed because of
its beneficial properties. Loss of biodiversity is the major threat to
ecosystem, which affect the world’s economy and lives of nature dependent
mortals. The threats are habitat destruction by deforestation, forest fires and
rainfall, unsustainable natural resources, invasion of new species, loss of
renewable resources, climatic alterations, natural disruptions like earthquake,
volcano, tsunami, windstorm and cyclone and pollution in air, water, soil, land
and everywhere. Nature’s balance is lost because of the ill actions of humans;
cutting down trees for making paper and furniture, building roads, constructing
houses and developing techno-type society. Government and private agencies are
always keen in protecting the reserves by constructing strategies and
implementing policies to sustain the credibility with biodiversity. World
Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR), and United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are programs that
focus to maintain man-bio relationship. Self-alertness of biodiversity
conservation is requisite for all and this should start from home. For example,
buying organic products, avoiding animal fancy goods, paper conservation by
reducing printing, recycling old paper, using cloth napkins, avoiding
pesticides and volunteering for parks and zoos. Thus, it becomes the
social and individual responsibility to protect and preserve our environment.
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